Which of the following options do NOT form part of the course topics required for continuing education?

The correct answer identifies a topic that does not fall within the required continuing education curriculum for nail technicians in Minnesota. Continuing education typically focuses on enhancing the technical skills, safety practices, and product knowledge essential for providing services in a salon environment.

Product chemistry is crucial as it equips technicians with an understanding of the products they use, ensuring safe application and identifying any potential hazards associated with chemical ingredients. Proper use of machines is also critical since many nail services involve the use of specialized equipment, and knowledge in this area helps prevent injuries and enhances service quality.

Human relations plays a significant role in a salon setting as well, promoting effective communication and client relationship management, which is integral to maintaining a positive and professional environment.

While safety protocols are undeniably important, they are part of general practices that every nail technician is expected to know rather than a specific educational topic mandated for continuing education. Thus, "safety protocols" focuses on general guidelines rather than a standalone course requirement, allowing for the determination that this option does not require formal continuing education.