What is the minimum percentage of alcohol required in a hand rub?

The minimum percentage of alcohol required in a hand rub is 60%. This concentration is critical because it is effective in killing a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria and viruses. Testing has shown that while lower alcohol concentrations may reduce the number of germs, they are generally not effective for quick disinfection. A hand rub with at least 60% alcohol ensures that the product is potent enough to inactivate many forms of germs effectively.

Higher concentrations (like 70%) are often preferred in clinical settings because they combine efficacy with a degree of moisture that can allow for better skin contact and penetration of the alcohol into the cell walls of pathogens. However, the regulatory standards assert that a minimum of 60% alcohol is essential for general efficacy in hand sanitizers.